Drivetrain Supercharging the XPAG - The MG T Society Think performance thats closer to a modified Triumph TR6 than a stock MGB. To match the thicknesses of these parts, Moss includes shims and super glue. $134.99. The inlet is kind of convoluted to get to fit in the space between that board and your strut bracket, but it can be done with some appropriately sized tubing, metal or plastic plumbing. Supercharger Creative Spridgets Now Moss has come out with a more mainstream product, releasing a supercharger for the MGB. This is how a properly sorted car behaves. MGB with a Camaro 3.4 L V6 - Engine Swap Depot For higher-compression engines needing less boost, a 2.85-inch diameter pulley will also be available. $52.99. We bolted the kit onto our 1978 MGB test mule and put it through its paces. Also, make sure you have an air temp sensor that can handle over 200F. It served him well while he grew his new Silicon Valleysemiconductorbusiness. Since my last video I've had to remake the Supercharger plenum due to it cracking, so this video shows me going through the build and giving some information. Moss includes colder spark plugs with the kit to help avoid detonation issues (NGK BPR7ES, which are equivalent to Champion RN7YC), but we found that they caused a hesitation with our car. Blowers make horsepower and lots more torque than a standard engine. Jan 1, 2022 - Vmaxscart B series MGB supercharger kit based on our best selling A series kit, Complete with pulleys , belt, supercharger, pre jetted and modified DCOE carburetor, decompression plate, air filter and gaskets etc. We cut back the header flange, not wanting to weaken the superchargers mount. SU HIF44 . Supercharged Cars . We installed the supercharger kit on our 1978 MGB thats no stranger to dyno testing. I put a 1800CC MGB engine, O/D and an early MGB rear end in my 1958 MGA Coupe. MORE Forced induction battle - turbocharged vs supercharged. Used Ford Mustang for sale in Eden Prairie, MN under $99,972 Moss includes a new alternator and a cast-iron water pump to ensure trouble-free operation. Next, we installed the optional smaller pulley on the supercharger, raising boost from 6 psi to 8. Your engine should be in sound operating condition before you add the supercharger. In the mid-90s, Bill returned to the San Francisco Bay Area after a stint designing and racing sailboats in Australia. 2.5" Diy Turbo Charger Intercooler + 12Pc Piping Pipe Kit T-Bolt Clamps Couplers (Fits: MG MGB) $174.99. Each of these methods gives the air/fuel mixture and exhaust an easier path to followsort of like leading a horse to water. The oversized mounting flange of our exhaust header interfered with the oversized mounting flange of the Moss supercharger intake manifold, meaning one of them had to be cut back. My nephew built and raced EVO's in Time Attack competitions around the UK, a few years back, getting almost 900 bhp from their engines and setting some records along the way. Moss wanted to include a new distributor with the kit, but elected not to because of the resulting increased cost. Best money you can spend on your B. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. We ran it down our favorite little test road for a seat-of-the-pants evaluation. Performance improved immediately after we made these modifications. You can also hear the vacuum-actuated bypass valve operating each time the driver backs off the throttle: Best of all, adding a supercharger and intercooler to your A-Series powered vehicle can be done for well under $3,000a savings of $1,600 to $3,000! Fortunately, the blower housing casting is very thick in this area, which allowed room for the modifications. Our CNC 6061 billet a 2,295.00 Vmaxscart B series MGB supercharger kit based on our best selling A series kit, Complete with pulleys , belt, supercharger, pre jetted and modified DCOE carburetor, decompression plate, air filter and gaskets etc. Click here to review the installation instructions, click here for FAQs, or continue reading for benefits and an overview of the project. Only show this user. Likewise, they have too much advance at higher engine speeds, which can lead to harmful detonation. 2023 Motorsport Marketing. $52.99. Research, browse, save, and share from 57 Mustang models in Eden Prairie, MN. Adding too much power starts affecting other areas that also impact the budget. Our CNC 6061 billet a We needed a 2.9" pulley to generate 5.0 psi at 6,000 ft. / 1,829 meters, with an ambient temperature of 94 F. / 34.44 C. CREATIVE SPRIDGETS is an interactive design workshop for DIY performance and reliability modifications requiring ordinary shop tools, commonly available auto parts, and where necessary, CNC-machined core components. 1275/998 Deluxe DIY Supercharger kit. . If I were to do this as my dad taught me, we would have made a template out of cardboard and then cut it out of steel with a cutoff wheel. M45 on a 1.6 is an old recipe, so you shouldn't have to reinvent the wheel too much. Keeping up with traffic and passing on two-lane roads can be a struggle. Instead of using the glue, we chose to weld together our shims, but the Moss solution, though not as elegant, will work. And the torque curve? Creative Spridgets The . A couple of years ago, Moss decided to apply some of its supercharging technology to vintage British cars. While the Porsche Speed Yellow paint is hard to miss and the original rubber bumpers have been cast aside, some of the modifications are subtleeven MGB enthusiasts may need to take a second look to identify them. Que Causa La Humedad En Las Paredes, Many have already done so! The car has no vices, no squeaks, no rattles. Designing supercharger systems isnt an easy task. This Ingalls Engineering Stiffy Engine Torque Damper keeps the powerful supercharged mill from bucking out of control under the hood. Under-Hood Eaton M90 Supercharger (on an MGB w/ Buick 215 V8) Also, turbochargers require custom exhaust work, a dedicated oil feed line, and exhibit a lag in generating boost. The 1.4tsi blower is an Eaton M24 I think. The ram pipe is optimized to accelerate the intake charge and it comes with three interchangeable restrictor rings to achieve the correct pressure differential between the Venturi (jet) and the float chamber as discussed by David Vizzard in Tuning the A-Series Engine at p. 346. The inlet is kind of convoluted to get to fit in the space between that board and your strut bracket, but it can be done with some appropriately sized tubing, metal or plastic plumbing. On the dyno, we played with timing and advance curves and found that 10 horsepower could be lost with poor timing choices and/or advance curves. Creative Spridgets 47 subscribers Subscribe This is the Creative Spridgets DIY intercooled supercharger conversion for all A-Series engines. Is your favorite classic car properly insured? One of the best arguments for superchargers is that they provide power on demand; when you dont need it, the supercharger is just along for the ride. Installing Rear Disc Brakes on a Spridget. 342-0010, available from Moss as part no. Is your favorite classic car properly insured? Here is a video clip of the engine bay at idle: Here is a video showing acceleration from 0-75 mph up a gentle grade with a 2.9 supercharger pulley fitted to an internally stock 1275 A-Series engine, which generated 5.0 psi boost at 6,000 ft. / 1,829 m. elevation. We had Mike and Sean Brown port a stock cast-iron MGB cylinder head for us. To get started, review the FAQs and step-by-step online instructions. Check out the dyno chart from the test car. So what does Moss Motors know about superchargers? Please use our contact formand we will post the figures you achieve in a table available in the online instructions webpage. Sep 25, 2021 Click here for an overview of the project. Were also having to push the engine to higher rpm levels to make our power, which is not going to help longevity at all. 222-270 for $325, including lifters). That kit has evolved into a line of bolt-on supercharger kits for many of the newer favorite models, including the MGA, MGB, TR6, TR250 and 1275cc-powered Sprites and Midgets. I'm obviously upside down in this thing, but I'm having so much fun it's worth it. External 50mm V-Band Clamp Down Turbo Charger Wastegate + Internal Psi Spring (Fits: MG MGB) $46.99. A too-high compression ratio is the bane of supercharging. And we think we can keep doing better by adding more boost. The ported head and improved camshaft would take more advance without detonation, but still made peak power at 32 degrees. Their MGB kit promises "massive torque" plus a 30-to-50-percent horsepower increase. They always impressed me and I would like to have my own supercharged car. (See the Feb. 2002 issue of Grassroots Motorsports for more testing done with this car.) Our 1973 MGB GT had a rebuilt engine with about 20,000 miles on it. Please let me introduce myself. A thrifty four-cylinder is just thatuntil you roll into the throttle and boost kicks in. This Supercharger is designed to fit the XPAG and XPEG engines fitted to MG TB-TC-TD- TF sports cars from 1939-1955, providing a boost pressure of 6-10 psi depending on engine configuration. My next step is to start making mounts and CAD up an intake base--stay tuned. It takes in a mixture of air and fuel and pushes out exhaust gasses, making power in the middle. Enjoy this time of your life. We have never dyno tested this car in its pure stock configuration, but weve tested other stock, single-carburetor, rubber-bumper MGBs on the dyno, and they usually peak with a little more than 50 horsepower at the rear wheels. The instructions are extremely detailed and well illustrated. In spite of its modern origin, Moss . The moment you change or update anything from the "as delivered" from the factory, enjoy the improvements. Their MGB kit promises "massive torque" plus a 30-to-50-percent horsepower increase. *Note: Mosss alternator conversion kit is $270. A wide-band air/fuel ratio gauge allows to Bill to make sure the car is running properly. Now Moss has come out with a more mainstream product, releasing a supercharger for the MGB. Even a140 HP NASP T-Sereis would be a significant improvement and they should be more easily available for pennies. DIY Supercharger Conversion with Intercooler for 948, 1098 and 1275 A-series MG Midget, Austin Healey Sprite, and Morris Minor - Overview . Thanks for the advice! For example, theres the artful way Bill flared the fenders, integrated air ducts, and added nerf bars. 2.5" Diy Turbo Charger Intercooler + 12Pc Piping Pipe Kit T-Bolt Clamps Couplers (Fits: MG MGB) $174.99 . It had also had the combustion chambers opened out a bit to lower the compression. If you are worried about the gearbox, just fit a 140 HP NASP. The experienced home mechanic can expect to install the kit as a weekend project. Keep us boosted! This brings up the first tricky part of the installation, as there are different flange thicknesses for various exhaust manifolds and headers out there. We noticed a problem on deceleration, however, as the air filter assembly was hitting the brake booster. Here it is: When I brought it home I was pleasantly surprised by how clean everything was. When I was in college I was messing around with a '77 Suburban and attempting to assemble several boxes of parts into something resembling a '71 BMW 2002. Sure, Bills B is stiffer than a stock example and handles a lot better, but the ride quality has not been ruined. With our DIY conversion, you may order three progressively smaller, high boost pulleys from Smoothflow Pulleys, a second idler and two bushings in our online parts list, and a fastener and washers from your hardware store, for the same price as the Moss Motors high boost kit: Our intercooled supercharger conversion utilizes Eaton's M45 (45 C.I.D.) Get a whole car for a few hundreds? Nonetheless, we feel the correct advance curve is paramount to a successful installation. While not overpowering, the stock chassis and drivetrain are light, fun and quite structurally sound. NGK BPR7ES Spark Plug for Supercharger. Moss offers a $190 high boost pulley kit, consisting of one smaller pulley, an adjuster bracket, and hardware. Billet alloy MGB B series supercharger manifold. We test-drove the supercharger system on a Moss customers car. MGB Superchargers | Moss Motors So it only makes sense that Moss Motors is reviving the tradition of blown Britishcars. Neat project. Outlet side is up, and about 30 degrees from horizontal. Superchargers are excellent at producing broad, useable torque curves. impacts its street manners and fuel economy. Despite these minor detail problems, we feel Moss has done an excellent job in providing this comprehensive kit. st louis classic gymnastics meet 2022 schedule . | From the Nov. 2003 issue The system is designed to generate 5.0 psi. Automatic spring tensioner eliminates slippage and enables instant belt changes using a 3/8 rachet driver, Use either a compact, dual internal fan 90-amp CS121D Saturn alternator, the popular CS130-style early Saturn alternator, a late model stock Spridget alternator, or (pictured) a converted generator. For 160 rwhp, it's pretty happy. Moss has taken Eatons smallest supercharger, the 45-cubic-inch M-45 unit, and integrated it into a comprehensive kit that includes every nut, bolt and component necessary for installation in the MGB. Turbochargers have been fitted to the A-Series engine, but no kits, fabrication templates, or instructions are available. Maybe even a M62 would be best. This all sounds too good to be true. This is probably the best distributor setup to start with, followed by the earlier 25D units. He picked up a 1978 model for use as adailydriver. Everybody has a favorite car, and for many, many Americans who came of age in the 60s and 70s that machine is the ubiquitousMGB. Then visit our purchasing page to download free plans to fabricate the supercharger mounts, and to order the core components in the parts list, including the 5-rib crankshaft and water pump pulleys required for the serpentine belt conversion. | Posted in , High Performance Products, an Australian firm, offers bolt-on supercharger kits for the MGB and MGA as well as the original Mini. The supercharger is an MP62 and sits right where you mocked up yours. You may love the way it looks, but hate the lack of power. Similar in appearance to the Marshall units available in the past, the Moss kit featured a modern Eaton supercharger for higher efficiency and better drivability. When modifications start entering the picture, however, that pleasant MGB feel is jeopardized. In fact, youll wish you had another gear or an overdrive transmission. 2.5" Diy Turbo Charger Intercooler + 12Pc Piping Pipe Kit T-Bolt Clamps Couplers (Fits: MG MGB) $174.99. MG Supercharger [/ QUOTE ] That is not the Moss Motors super charger. The Moss supercharger system comes with a 2.75-inch blower drive pulley that produces 7.5-8.25 psi of boost at sea level. 2023 Motorsport Marketing. Also included is a brand-new SU HIF 44 carb and K&N air filter. Its also the cornerstone of Jackson Racings aftermarket systems, so Moss engineers have lots of experience with this supercharger. greenbean rpo durham; 2475 garrison ave port saint joe fl 32456; port orchard death notices; you are being rate limited discord phone number; why did the socs attack ponyboy and johnny Cylinder Heads. Following the formula and experience derived from the T-series kit, Moss has adapted an Eaton M-45 supercharger unit for use with the MGB 's 1798cc four-cylinder B-series engine. The car is a 1967 MG Midget with an internally stock 1275 e. This is the Creative Spridgets DIY intercooled supercharger conversion for all A-Series engines. sheds a tear, How to turn a totaled car into your next ride, How we track test cars and what the numbers mean, Today's endurance racing series offer lots of laps and lots of racing, How to renovate an old mill | Making stuff: Part 6, The ultimate track car only costs $2000 to build? At publication time, the 1968-74 system had been tested on several cars with various compression ratios and engines conditions ranging from newly rebuilt to high-mileage but well-maintained. We did encounter a few small problems, however, which well get to in a minute. However, the sensor mount raises the thermostat housing .40, creating clearance necessary to supercharge 1275-powered cars with early, down-flow radiators or those fitted with a VW Rabbit dual-passaluminum crossflow radiator, as described here. It's fun to see a DIY SC build. Their effect can be felt from off-idle to redline. This supercharger has the same, 45 cubic inch displacement as the unit fitted to the 2002 Mini Cooper S. However,it has a simpler design, is more compact at 11" long,6.5" wide and 5" high, and weighs only 16 lbs. Moss Motors recently introduced a new supercharger system for MGBs that is fairly simple to bolt on and nearly doubles rear-wheel horsepower (40%-50% at the flywheel) without any internal engine modifications. To demonstrate his shops workmanship, Bill gave the MGB a complete makeover from stem to stern. Lift the engine to remove the pulley Fit the new pulley, water pump, and fit the brackets for the idler wheels Hang the supercharger (complete with carb) onto the manifold bolts From 7.40. You can also detect a slight hint of supercharger whine at full throttle (its a pleasing sound for us motorheads), but otherwise you have none of the usual negative symptoms of modified engines. Some of my best memories involve being in engineering school, being involved in designing and build our SAE car and learning how to TIG weld, all at the same time. Once we were happy with our ignition setup, we turned our attention to the carburetor. This is more just a fun project for me to learn a little about superchargers, tuning, and make my 1.6 a little more fun. From my research when looking for blowers for the Cortina I went with an M45 from a mini but the Mercedes ones are just as good. As far as MGBs go, Bills particular car wasnt anything too special. Average 5 speed conversion that is rebuilt and ready to installs appears to be around $4,000. Some say that these shortcomings are part of the charm of owning and driving a vintage cara return to simpler times. Which classic roadster offers the best top-down experience? Love the way it sounds, but hate the way it stops. With this increased horsepower and torque, you downshift less and don't think twice about pulling out to pass. The venerable A-Series engine is the beating heart of some of Britain's most beloved automobiles,but achieving a meaningful increase in horsepower means dismantling the engine and spending serious money. The inlet angle was reduced on a milling machine. Armed with this information, Moss engineers designed an intake manifold that provides equal airflow, pressure, and fuel mixture to each cylinder. Zero-to-60 times dropped to 8.5 seconds. This heat can cause all sorts of problems, but the worst is higher incidence of detonation (pre-ignition, also known as knock). Supercharger Kits - MGB - Moss Europe Typical power gains on these performance engines that come highly tuned from the factory are 40% and higher. (7.26 kg). One of the first things MGB owners want to improve is engine performance. Look for model no. To fix the problem, we needed to make up a new piece with a long bolt and a spacer. The auxiliary fuel cell is slightly larger then one of the MGBs original 6-volt batteries. Almost as critical as manifold design is the fuel delivery system. I bought the old GRM Turbo Miata project car last fall and I don't need this car to be anywhere as fast as that one. The verdict? For example, with the improved setup, we started to experience fuel starvation above 5400 rpm, so a higher-volume fuel pump will be in order as we get more serious. We also appreciate learning about cheaper sources for a project's parts listto maximize savings for Spridget owners. 2023 Motorsport Marketing. 052-504 . Suercharger was fitted via an alloy adapter plate to a manifold intended for a twin choke downdraught Weber from a front wheel drive SIMCA/Talbot. This is not a problem on Bill Hilands bright-yellow car, as hes managed to enhance the characteristics that attract people to the MGB. Cars with higher compression ratios will probably need a little less advance. | #FastFriday, Come see us at this weekends Radwood at The Amelia, see two of our raddest project cars, Giving our Miata the aero edge that it really deserves, Show your Grassroots Motorsports love boldly with a flag, How to barter your way to low-buck racing glory. With supercharging, that horse is forced to drink. If you don't think 160 rwhp is going to be enough, it might be a good idea to determine that now and maybe build in a different direction. The spring assembly is part of the pop-off valve that protects the supercharger in case of a backfire in the intake system. I had a twenty mile drive that had me running through the "if it was mine what would I change". One of its ventures is Jackson Racing, which has built its reputation on high-tech supercharger systems for the Ford Focus, Miata, Hondas, and Acuras. Adding an air/air intercooler increases the throttled volume and introduces a bunch of driveability problems. This all sounds too good to be true. If you have the space under the hood, use an L-shaped piece of tubing to duct air into the carb instead of a hat--the L-tube will not hinder flow at high RPM and/or extreme . However, if you have suggestions to improve any aspect of an installation, please contact usand we will respond to your comments and post photos or videos of your refinements. Love the way it rides, but hate the way it handles. Has to be a good reason why. I suppose the worst is the coating comes off the rotors quick but even if only get 5 or 10k miles from one that could be a couple of years motoring? Where the stock engine was running out of airflow, the supercharger takes over, pulling strongly through 5,500 rpm. Was: $99.99. The one that's linked up there looks like a box with fins, and the manufacturer is claiming will develop way . Outlet side is up, and about 30 degrees from horizontal. Although , I suspect you're probably pretty handy at fabricating whatever you need. The same pulley ratio may produce different boost at different elevations, and of course internal engine modifications and the condition of your engine will yield varying results. I'm not going to lie. Please enjoy the discussion forums below and share . charles sobhraj interview 1997. data nugget coral bleaching and climate change answers; brett whiteley self portrait 1975; mugshots florence sc; elements of media literacy pdf Please Login or Register. Supercharger Kits - MGB Superchargers have been used on cars and piston engined aircraft since before World War II in order to obtain maximum power without losing vital torque. Theyve also become a staple in aftermarket kits for Miatas, Hondas, Toyotas and others. Their first system (150-008) was for MG TC/TD series cars. Moss Motors recently introduced a new supercharger system for MGBs that is fairly simple to bolt on and nearly doubles rear-wheel horsepower (40%-50% at the flywheel) without any internal engine modifications. By Tim Suddard But there are still more performance and cost advantages to this conversion! What a difference it made in general performance and it madehighway travel so much more enjoyable. High Performance Products, an Australian firm, offers bolt-on supercharger kits for the MGB and MGA as well as the original Mini. MG The Moss supercharger kits give increased torque and horsepower throughout the rev range without adding extra stress to your engine. Christ Church At Grove Farm Staff, Fitment: all year/model Spridgets with A-Series engines, Inexpensive: 40 to 60% the cost of packaged kits, 40 to 50% increase in horsepower & torque at flywheel, Compatible with fuel injection or SU HIF44 carburetor, Intercooler, impossible with 'draw through' kits, avoids detonation and backfiring without internal engine modifications, Labor-intensive but straightforward installation with moderate fabrication can be done in stages while continuing to drive naturally aspirated, Low maintenance (we recommend changing the blowers synthetic gear box oil every 15,000 miles or two years), Uses Eaton M45 supercharger from 1999-2004 Mercedes Benz SLK230 or 1999-2000 Mercedes Benz C230 (without electronic clutch). 40K views 4 years ago How to build a supercharger/ blower manifold from scratch using basic tools and materials. An easy DIY fit and adds around 35 bhp and 35 lbs ft to what you currently have. If you check a BMC B-series head, I think youll find that the siamese port that services the center two cylinders is actually an exhaust port. . MGB /MGA B series supercharger kit for 1800cc inline applications. Features install a high-pressure fuel system create or modify a vapor recovery system plumb and adust the fuel pressure regulator wire the high pressure pump replace the supercharger pulley prepare the supercharger install the eaton m45 manifold install the supercharger install the serpentine belt plumb the intercooler bypass valve & intake tract 159 . Historically, supercharging has enjoyed periods of dignity and disgrace. Supercharged LHD 1967 MGB GT - One Take | DIY Auto Free shipping. Watch on Here the car easily paces traffic and overtakes slower vehicles on the freeway, effortlessly surging from 72 mph to 80 mph (Datsun 5-speed transmission with 3.9:1 differential). For draw-through forced-induction applications and naturally aspirated cars, we offer a different adapter. We installed an oxygen sensor and Edelbrock air/fuel meter to help monitor the combustion process, and we could see that the car was running slightly rich. Fag packet maths suggests you could, suitably geared, squeeze 90bhp from it but given the B series isnt as efficient as a modern 16V direct injection TSI VAG lump you might fall short of that. SU HIF44 . | From the Sept. 2011 issue Hopefully I can figure it out. A few years back, Moss came out with an aftermarket supercharger kit for the MG-TD. Dan Ewing Partner, 84 Likes, 0 Comments - Natur Kreativ Diy Brn (@barnepjat) on Instagram: "En Pskehne cyklus jnene i gget er lavet af brnenes fingeraftryk Kyllingen er malet med" To get started, purchase a pair of CNC-machined aluminum adapter plates, and click here for step-by-step instructions. While the brakes now require a little more pressure, they remain confidence-inspiring. Outlet side is up, and about 30 degrees from horizontal. I'm hoping to use the Engineering Department's two axis plasma cutter to cut the final one out of steel. The Moss supercharger kits give increased torque and horsepower throughout the rev range without adding extra stress to your engine. Share. Not wanting to leave good enough alone, we decided to push the Moss kit to its limits. Behind this very smooth, very tractable and very powerful engine is a Ford Sierra five-speed gearbox conversion that also came from Pierce Manifolds. Mama mia! On the right a 12H2923 head Sean says was used from the start of the 1972 model year to the end of chrome-bumper production. MGA, MGB - Low Compression or Modified Engines . Commute on the freeway in your Spridget or Moggy! Instead of using a modern carburetor, Moss chose to retain the vintage flavor of the MGB and opted for an SU HIF 44 side-draft model thats been highly tuned to work with the supercharger. Originally posted on MGB tips mods and maintenance: My MGB is a rubber bumper to chrome bumper conversion so that means I've got two. (The center two cylinders are fed by the same passage in the cylinder head.) Make sure that what you get matches these photos, does NOT have an electronic clutch, and is Eaton model number 207018 or 206127. Our goal is to provide Spridget owners with the least-expensive route . Which classic roadster offers the best top-down experience? This step took one hour of our five-hour installation time. Installing Rear Disc Brakes on a Spridget. The steering is still light. We went back to the stock-spec plugs (NGK BPR6ES, equivalent to Champion RN9YC) and eliminated all problems. Installing Supercharger Creative Spridgets (.345 Bars) of boost at sea level on a stock 1275cc A-Series engine, running a 3.1" supercharger pulleywhat we call the mild-mannered 'Stage I' setup. The car has always had excellent drivability, and we hoped the supercharger wouldnt affect this. Of course, the powertrain is much improved, as this supercharged machine is quite quick. 3 Bedroom House For Rent By Owner Near Glasgow, I Hope You Enjoyed Your Birthday Yesterday, How Should You Transcribe Spoken Contractions In Clean Verbatim, Articles D
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