Alessandro Volta "Alessandro Volta":. Alessandro Volta VOLTA, ALESSANDRO GIUSEPPE ANTONIO ANASTASIO. 1. Leonardo Torres y Quevedo Biography, History and Inventions: As a child, he was obsessed with his fathers engineering books, instruments, and drawings. Alessandro Volta Biography, History and Inventions Nvidia RTX 3080 vs 3080-Ti: Full Comparison With Specs, Price, and More. Account of the New Electrical Apparatus of Sig. Mix Cake Mix, Eggs, and Oil together in large bowl, and beat well. Learn more about us & read our affiliate disclosure. California. Relevance. His uncle, Alessandro, also attempted to persuade him to study law. Volta was born into a noble family in Como Italy on February 18 1785. At the University History Museum of the University of Pavia there are 150 of them, used by Alessandro Volta. This may be called Volta's Law of the electrochemical series. State Facts. In 1800 he invented voltaic pile, the first electric battery, which produced a steady electric current. The modified version of the instrument also helped Lavoisier on his legendary work regarding the composition of water. Alessandro Volta Biography Drop by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking In my humble opinion as a food writer, there is no finer cookie, especially for making at home, than chocolate chip. Volta, Alessandro, Count, Italian physicist, known for his pioneering work in electricity, invented the Electric Battery in 1800. [1] Volta held the chair of experimental physics at the University of Pavia for nearly 40 years and was widely idolised by his students.[1]. He was a large, vigorous man, who enjoyed th life. (2006). What's I. Nestl is so over chocolate chips, moves on to mix-ins. In the years between 1776 and 1778, Volta studied the chemistry of gases. Alessandro Volta Biography - Italian physicist and chemist Your privacy is extremely important to us. The most significant is the naming of an electric unit, the volt in his name. Alessandro Volta, in full Conte Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, (born February 18, 1745, Como, Lombardy [Italy]died March 5, 1827, Como), Italian physicist whose invention of the electric battery provided the first source of continuous current. How did Alessandro Volta become famous? Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (February 18, 1745 - March 5, 1827) was an Italian physicist known especially for the development of the electric battery. Volta also studied what we now call electrical capacitance, developing separate means to study both electrical potential difference (V) and charge (Q), and discovering that for a given object, they are proportional. This series did not amplify the charge created by the conductors. Algunos avances tecnolgicos 1990 a 2018. WebAlessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (/ v o l t , v l t /, Italian: [alessandro vlta]; 18 February 1745 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist, chemist and lay Catholic who was a pioneer of electricity and power who is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.He invented the voltaic pile in 1799, and reported Volta became a professor of physics at the Royal School of Como in 1774. }rF%RF8kIX $UyU}9o'9=\ O'7e Volta found out that the inflammable gas which creates bubbles in marshes was methane, which is now used as a fuel. Volta made it clear that electric currents could be generated by appropriately connecting metals or wires. Furthermore, the emperor granted Volta substantial funding to equip the physics cabinet with instruments, purchased by Volta in England and France. "Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions." Check out our growing collection of Web Stories! Around 1760, Alessandros teacher, the Jesuit Father Girolamo Bonesi, a philosophy professor, tried in vain to persuade him to follow the priesthood. [7], Volta also drew admiration from Napoleon Bonaparte for his invention, and was invited to the Institute of France to demonstrate his invention to the members of the institute. Late in life, he received the title of Count. (1911). Nestle Toll House Butterscotch Chips. Callebaut Gold 30.4% - Finest Belgian Caramel Chocolate Chips (callets) 2.5kg. Alessandro's mother was noble and the father was characterized by being part of the so-called high bourgeoisie. De vi attractiva ignis electrici ac phaenomenis inde pendentibus is his first scientific paper. Read the following articles below: Bringing you news and information about computers, people, inventions, and technology. Alessandro Volta in his laboratory, an engraving by R. Focosi and L. Rados, 1828. 5.00 311g. Save . When Volta was twenty-nine years old he became a physics professor at the Royal School in Como, Italy. 4.5 out of 5 stars 62. Whenever I buy chocolate chips semi sweet , milk chocolate also butterscotch and vanilla chips, I put them in a gallon freezer bag and keep them in the low crisper units in my refrigerator I just took some out for my holiday baking and they are all in fresh condition with great flavor I bought them over a year ago on sale so I know they keep well over a year ,especially if kept properly I like that these are the quality of all Toll House products for baking. Alessandro Volta Ideas Wrong Alessandros father, Filippo Maria Volta (born in 1692-died around 1752), after eleven years as a Jesuit, withdrew in early 1730s to propagate the line. He neutralized. [19] In honour of his work, Volta was made a count by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1810. Also, the power of the cell diminishes over time because the hydrogen gas is not released. de:Alessandro Volta The battery made by Volta is credited as one of the first electrochemical cells. Pre Order. "Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions." However, when the disks of metallic disks were alternated with wet cloth or second-class conductor the potential difference of one pair of the conductors adds up to the next one thereby leading to the amplification of the potential difference produced (Anon, 2010). 4.7 out of 5 stars 163. In 1779 he became professor of physics at the University of Pavia, a chair he occupied for 25 years. He said his first words when was four, and slowly, he learned to speak fluently as late as in the age of seven, but then he immediately began to reveal a lively curiosity towards natural phenomena, to the point that, in the anxiety of finding some shiny straws that, according to the local peasants, had to be gold, he risked drowning in the source of Monteverde, near Camnago. Great recipe! In this faith I recognise a pure gift of God, a supernatural grace; but I have not neglected those human means which confirm belief, and overthrow the doubts which at times arise. In late 2017, Nvidia announced a new workstation-focused GPU microarchitecture called Volta. Web. He researched and discovered methane after reading a paper by Benjamin Franklin of the United States on "flammable air". However, tragedy struck him early in his life as his father died when he was only seven years old. 1 1/4 cup Nestl Butterscotch Morsels; 2 Eggs; 1 1/4 cup Nestl Semi-Sweet Morsels; 1/2 cup Canola Oil or Vegetable Oil; Instructions. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. [1] sv:Alessandro Volta, Categories: 1745 births | 1827 deaths | Italian physicists | History of neuroscience | Natives of Como, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, https://academickids.com:443/encyclopedia/index.php/Alessandro_Volta. The positively charged hydrogen ions (protons) capture electrons from the copper electrode, forming bubbles of hydrogen gas, H2. (2022, June 2). However, the attention that Volta gained from the dissertation enabled him to be appointed as professor in a school in Como (Schiffer, 2006, p 56). Submitting Your Order. WebAlessandro Volta, or Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, physicist and pioneer in the study of electricity, was born in Lombardy, Italy, on February 18, 1745, into a noble family in Como, Italy. Todays recipe would not be possible without the assistance of one of my lovely readers, Janet Ligas. A unique flavour from the original morsel-makers. He came up with methods to measure the so-called electrical tension , later named as the volt. There is also a museum that has been built in his honour, which exhibits some of the equipment that Volta used to conduct experiments. Zinc metal, which is higher in the electrochemical series than both copper and hydrogen, is oxidized to zinc cations (Zn2+) and creates electrons that move to the copper electrode. Since 1789 he had a long love affair with a famous singer, Marianna Paris, but his family, and the emperor himself, did not allow the marriage, because the profession of singer was not of good repute. Influenced by the efforts of Dc Saussure, Volta developed an interest in atmospheric electricity. https://www.marthastewart.com/314799/chocolate-butterscotch-chip-cookies FREE Delivery. Florida. As an adult, he would be responsible for several remarkable inventions including the first computer game in history. This cake is for you. In 1794, he was awarded the Copley medal of the Royal Society, the highest award given by the Royal Society of London that a person can get for outstanding scientific works. professional specifically for you? Draw the Lightning Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment. Alessandro Volta is most famous for his voltaic pile, which was the first battery. COMBINE flour, baking soda, salt and cinnamon in small bowl. [11] He devised experiments such as the ignition of methane by an electric spark in a closed vessel. Here is how he put it to use. [12] This is called Volta's Law of Capacitance, and for this work the unit of electrical potential has been named the volt. Volt proposed that most electronic effects could be explained by only one force, the force of attraction. Repeating the process builds up and stores charges on the plate with the insulated handle. He was born in Como in Lombardy, Italy.. Volta worked on the electrophorus that makes a static electric charge in 1775. At this time he tended to live secluded from public life and more for the sake of his family until his eventual death in 1827 from a series of illnesses which began in 1823. His passion had always been Ingredients. Calories in Butterscotch Chips based on the calories, fat, protein, carbs and other nutrition information submitted for Butterscotch Chips. IvyPanda, 2 June 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/alessandro-volta-biography-and-contributions/. He only managed to talk when he was four years old. References to Volta in European historic newspapers, Life of Alessandro Volta: Biography; Inventions; Facts, https://www.famousscientists.org/alessandro-volta/, https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/personnalites/physique-alessandro-volta-633/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alessandro-Volta, https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers/alessandro-volta. He realized that the best pair of dissimilar metals to produce electricity was silver (or copper) and zinc. With this invention Volta proved that electricity c Be the first to review this product . Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist, was born Feb. 18, 1745, in Como, Italy. October 20, 2020 at 9:43 am. The positively charged hydrogen ions (protons) capture electrons from the copper electrode, forming bubbles of hydrogen gas, H2. 1 decade ago. ja: His image was depicted on the Italian Lire:10,000 note (19901997) along with a sketch of his voltaic pile. Do butterscotch chips expire? However, having finished the Seminary, Volta decided to drop formal studies and he became interested in the electricity. Morsels & More mixed in and baked Photo: Aimee Levitt. Despite his professional success, Volta tended to be a person inclined towards domestic life and this was more apparent in his later years. WebAlessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (, Italian: [alessandro vlta]; 18 February 1745 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist, chemist and lay Catholic who was a pioneer of Just one word or warning: they are MUCH sweeter than the typical semi-sweet chips used in these recipes, so a little bit goes a long way. With this invention Volta proved that electricity could be generated chemically and debunked the prevalent theory that electricity was generated solely by living beings. He was successful in finding out that ordinary air contains about 21% of oxygen. Volta is buried in the city of Como in Italy; the Tempio Voltiano near Lake Como is a museum devoted to explaining his work; his original instruments and papers are on display there. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions, George McClellan, The US General and Leader, Marcus Garvey: Afro-American Political Leader, Summary of W. Nicholson. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Quantity . Maria Teresa Alonsa Peregrini, the wife of Alessandro Volta. Volta received a medal in 1801 when napoleon Bonaparte invited him into his palace so that he may explain his inventions. Back Go to California. 8e7nw4f;>V>^QgV #5@rr >`%?q.P*_eBx\|FM&X TTkuP6g( r~j(U">*1.-tjc0r@XfJ+7/YY,6q F ck9+'`Bdp-@pf:E p:J:a:j/74"~@N"fq`HdaafTtn\$=CoZ;U*i4/]^SmyVmXZ-.xZ8yxGXlgZ]B*. Volta also drew admiration from Napoleon Bonaparte for his invention, and was invited to the Ins*ute of France to demonstrate his invention to the members of the ins*ute. hr:Alessandro Volta Organizaciones internacionales que surgen al finalizar la segunda guerra mundial. Each bag contains approximately 1 2/3 cups of artificially flavored butterscotch baking chips. In announcing his discovery of the voltaic pile, Volta paid tribute to the influences of William Nicholson, Tiberius Cavallo, and Abraham Bennet. Volta's remains were buried in Camnago Volta. Volta was a professor at Pavia when Luigi Galvani did his famous experiments on frogs in 1791. June 2, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/alessandro-volta-biography-and-contributions/. Chill dough in refrigerator for 1 hour. Los Gallinazos Sin Plumas English Analysis, Do Law Schools Look At Cumulative Gpa Or Degree Gpa. LA: university of California press. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. He invented the voltaic pile in 1799, and reported the results of his experiments in 1800[5] in a two-part letter to the president of the Royal Society. In spite of his guardians envisaging the priesthood and the law as possible careers for him, Alessandro set his heart on the sciences. sk:Alessandro Volta Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was born was born in Como, Lombardy, duchy of Milan, on 18 February 1745. During his childhood, the young Volta did not show any signs of being a genius; in fact, members of his family thought that he was retarded early in his life since he took long before he could talk. See more ideas about butterscotch chips, delicious desserts, dessert recipes. Butterscotch lovers rejoice! Butterscotch flavoured baking chips. 65 reviews. IvyPanda. In the years between 1776 and 1778, Volta studied the chemistry of gases. In the Old Campus of the University of Pavia there is the cl*room (Aula Volta) commissioned by Emperor Joseph II to Leopoldo Pollack in 1787 for the lectures of Alessandro Volta, while in the University History Museum there are many scientific instruments that belonged to Volta and his chair and his blackboard. He proposed that expulsion could be explained as attraction of an object away from the other object. [13] Furthermore, the emperor granted Volta substantial funding to equip the physics cabinet with instruments, purchased by Volta in England and France. These artificially flavored butterscotch chips for baking are easy to toss into dessert mixes and batters. The electrolyte exists in the form 2 H+ and SO24. Only 7 left in stock. WebVolta, whose full name was Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, was born on February 18, 1745, in the town of Como in Lombardy, Italy. He ensured that the cardboard used was wet by soaking it in a saline solution while the round metal discs were placed next to each other and the cardboard was placed between the two pairs of discs. Voltas inventions began soon after he became a professor at the Royal school in Como. This may be called Volta's Law of the electrochemical series. Setting off in the company of count Giovio, he brought along physics tools to detect altitudes, barometric pressures and the quality of the air, and magnets for the search of iron minerals, besides obviously all the tools recently invented by himself. Despite his professional success, Volta tended to be a person inclined towards domestic life and this was more apparent in his later years. The electric pile replaced the goblets with cardboard soaked in brine. Initially he experimented with individual cells in series, each cell being a wine goblet filled with brine into which the two dissimilar electrodes were dipped. Volta made the electric battery using copper, zinc and cardboard disks. I studied attentively the grounds and basis of religion, the works of apologists and assailants, the reasons for and against, and I can say that the result of such study is to clothe religion with such a degree of probability, even for the merely natural reason, that every spirit unperverted by sin and passion, every naturally noble spirit must love and accept it. Instead, it accumulates on the surface of the copper electrode and forms a barrier between the metal and the electrolyte solution. In 1775 he devised the electrophorus, a device that produced a static electric charge. WebHe was born February 18, 1745, Como, Lombardy (Italy). The great Idea Finder. In 1779, he became a professor of experimental physics at the University of Pavia, a chair that he occupied for almost 40 years.Volta's lectures were so crowded with students that the subsequent emperor Joseph II ordered the construction (based on a project by Leopold Pollack) of a new "physical theater", today the "Aula Volta". I need to make something for tonight and I found some butterscotch chips in my pantry. Schiffer, M. B. "Volta, Alessandro":. In 1779, Volt was appointed a professor at the University of Pavia, a position he held for the next 25 year. 1/2 cup butter 1/2 cup coconut oil (I used expeller pressed so as not to have a coconut flavor) 1 cup organic brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract. They didn't have an expiration date, so I was wondering if they would still be o.k. Also, the power of the cell diminishes over time because the hydrogen gas is not released. The negative charges also repel the negative charges of the ebonite plate. In a medium bowl, whisk the flour, baking powder, salt, cocoa powder, and espresso powder together. Meta Quest 2 vs Oculus Quest 2: Is There a Difference? Objectifs quotidiens. Volta also made another representation of his experiment to form what is known as the couronne des tasses (crown of cups). Stir in Butterscotch Morsels and Chocolate Chips with spoon. (2010). Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (/volt, vlt/, Italian:[alessandro vlta]; 18 February 1745 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power[2][3][4] who is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. After doing many experiments, Volta showed that all materials, which conducted electricity, either solids or liquids, could be classified into two groups; the first class conductors and the second-class conductors, with the first class conductors including metals and graphite, whereas the second class conductors including water and various aqueous solutions (electrolytes). However, his discovery proved controversial and many people were reluctant to agree with it. Volta was raised in a strict Catholic family. In 1777, he travelled through Switzerland. es:Alessandro Volta eo:Alessandro VOLTA As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Homemade Butterscotch Chips Yum. (1913). This arrangement ensured that the battery that he made was small in size (How Products are made, 2010). WebIn 1794, Volta married Teresa Peregrini, who raised three children, Giovanni, and Zanino Flaminio. Volta also discovered (and isolated) the highly flammable methane gas, CH4 (in 1778). Biography: Volta was born in Como and educated in the public schools there. pl:Alessandro Volta His mother, Donna Maddalena, came from the family of the Inzaghis.[8]. it:Alessandro Volta Cristbal Coln Lnea del tiempo. He died there on 5 March 1827, just after his 82nd birthday. Galvani had found that when he impaled the torsos of recently killed frogs on brass hooks and allowed the legs to touch an iron grate, the legs kicked and convulsed. WebAlessandro Volta discovered the gas methane in 1777. 99. Read more on Wikipedia. The SI unit of electric potential is named in his honour as the volt. Add to Basket. Volta's lectures were so crowded with students that the subsequent emperor Joseph II ordered the construction (based on a project by Leopold Pollack) of a new "physical theater", today the "Aula Volta". Lancaster; 2900 Columbus-Lancaster R. Lancaster, Ohio 43130; Delivery. Luigi Galvani, an Italian physicist, discovered something he named, "animal electricity" when two different metals were connected in series with a frog's leg and to one another. 2022. Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions. Among physicists, Alessandro Volta ranks 7 out of 717. 1774 Volta began work overseeing schools in Como. He said that teaching in Comos classrooms should be modernized. He wanted the children to spend more time learning science and modern languages. There his favorite authors were Tasso and Virgil and he amused himself by writing verses in Latin. Alessandro Volta (1745-1827). This is called Volta's Law of Capacitance, and for this work the unit of electrical potential has been named the volt. to use. He is full of ideas and a raisonneur without peer. One of his three paternal uncles was a Dominican, another a canon, and the third (also Alessandro) an archdeacon. Castiel says. Nestle's Nestle's - Butterscotch Chips. Avances cientficos y tecnolgicos del siglo XVII y del siglo XVIII. Volta's invention sparked a great amount of scientific excitement and led others to conduct similar experiments, which eventually led to the development of the field of electrochemistry. The other plate had an insulated handle to prevent if from discharging. WebAlessandro Volta grew up in Como, Italy. In 1774, he became a professor of physics at the Royal School in Como. Portion : 1 fluid ounce. [14], His image was depicted on the Italian Lire10,000 note (19901997) along with a sketch of his voltaic pile.[24]. Thus, by the age of sixteen, Alessandro already made up his mind to be a physicist. We will write a custom Biography on Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. One of his three paternal uncles was a Dominican, another a canon, This was a stack of copper and zinc plates, separated by brine-soaked paper disks, that would produce a gentle current for a substantial size of time. Herbermann, Charles, ed. Nestle Butterscotch Morsels 11 Oz 2 Pk. Among the first instruments that he devised was the electrophorus. Nestl in the United States is committed to enhancing quality of life and contributing to a healthier future--for individuals and families, for our thriving and resilient communities, and for the planet. In this way he discovered the electrochemical series, and the law that the electromotive force (emf) of a galvanic cell, consisting of a pair of metal electrodes separated by electrolyte, is the difference between their two electrode potentials (thus, two identical electrodes and a common electrolyte give zero net emf). In 1774 he became professor of physics at the Royal Alessandro Volta | Biography + Inventions + Facts - Science4Fun The voltaic pile replaced the goblets with cardboard soaked in brine. Volta held the chair of experimental physics at the University of Pavia for nearly 40 years and was widely idolised by his students. The electrolyte is either sulfuric acid mixed with water or a form of sal*er brine. Use these baking chips as a sweet addition to oatmeal butterscotch cookies, or melt them for butterscotch flavored candy. These butterscotch chips are a great alternative to chocolate chips in most cookie recipes or to just add to any chocolate chip cookie recipe. In announcing his discovery of the voltaic pile, Volta paid tribute to the influences of William Nicholson, Tiberius Cavallo, and Abraham Bennet.[18]. Alesandro Giusepe Antonio Anastasio Volta was born in Como, Lombardy in Italy on His marriage in 1733 to Maria Maddalena deConti Inzaghi (died 1782) (she was from a noble Lombard family, the daughter of Count Giuseppe Inzaghi from Gratz, Stiria) produced seven children who survived childhood; three girls, two of whom became nuns; three boys who followed the careers of their paternal uncles; and Alessandro, the youngest, who narrowly escaped church recruitment by his first teachers, the Jesuits. "Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions." Volta was raised in a strict Catholic family. Alessandro [22] Nearby stands the Villa Olmo, which houses the Voltian Foundation, an organization promoting scientific activities. Enjoy their versatility in a variety of recipes or right out of the bag. This makes the zinc rod the negative electrode and the copper rod the positive electrode. He had many instruments along; he unpacked them for me, and during his stay here I kept them in my own quarters. He got his early education from a Jesuit school. Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power who is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. Because he was not ordained a clergyman as his family expected, he was sometimes accused of being irreligious and some people have speculated about his possible unbelief, stressing that "he did not join the Church", or that he virtually "ignored the church's call". Bag. Angela C. Jackson, MI. Alessandro Volta constructed and described the primary electrochemical battery, the voltaic pile, in 1800. [2][9] In 1777, he travelled through Switzerland. Furthermore, he is portrayed in 10,000 Italian Lire (no longer in circulation) together with a When Volta was twenty-nine years old he became a physics professor at the Royal School in Como Italy. Melting butterscotch chips takes care, because, like chocolate, the chips can burn if mishandled. "Alessandro Volta, His Life and Contributions." Alessandro Volta is said to have been one of the greatest and most brilliant experimenters of his time. duchy of Milan, Italy, 18 February 1745; d. Como, 5 March 1827), Physics. Instead, it ac*ulates on the surface of the copper electrode and forms a barrier between the metal and the electrolyte solution. WebAlessandro Volta Biography in English - YouTube This video about Alessandro Volta Biography in English. He made certain modifications to the electrical instruments made by the Swiss geologist, making them more refined and precise. Web. In the representation, he used a series of cups, filled with water, or diluted acid, while strips of copper and zinc were used to connect the cups (Anon, 2010). Luigi Galvani, an Italian physicist, discovered something he named, "animal electricity" when two different metals were connected in series with a frog's leg and to one another. Volta carried out his experimental studies and produced his first inventions near Como. 0 %--Protines. Pancaldi, G. (2003). There is also a museum that has been built in his honour, which exhibits some of the equipment that Volta used to conduct experiments. A short Biography on world Famous Scientists and Their Inventions. There he befriended H. B. de Saussure. Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (/volt, vlt/, Italian::; 18 February 1745 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power who is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. Battle Of James Creek, Does Rubbing Alcohol Kill Tooth Nerve, London Heathrow Hotel Backrooms, Tailbone Pain Pregnancy 39 Weeks, Jayme Closs Pregnancy, Articles A
…