In addition to cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) and beasts of burden (donkey, horse, mule) are not uncommon in this farming system. There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. [27], Most of Ethiopia's estimated 48 million sheep and goats are raised by small farmers who used them as a major source of meat and cash income. [7], Ethiopia's coffee is almost exclusively of the arabica type, which grows best at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. The reforms success in supporting Ethiopias economic growth in part depends on the development of the agro-processing sector (e.g. Grain consumption, especially for wheat and wheat-based products like bread and pasta, continues to climb as incomes rise and more people move to urban centers. Agro-processing, such as beverages, biscuits, bread, milk, meat, chicken, cooking oil, fruit and vegetables, etc. Ethiopia one of the fastest-growing economies in the continent. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. Agriculture as a producer of positive externalities and public goods 2 2.4. The industry began in 2004, when the government made an aggressive push for foreign investments by establishing a presence at major international floricultural events. Domestically, coffee contributed about 20% of the government's revenue. Matou, P., Y. Todo, et al. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. There are opportunities to process livestock products for both local and export markets. The UN Joint Programme focused on Rural Women's Economic Empowerment (UNJP-RWEE) was launched in Ethiopia in 2014 by UN Women, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD). An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. Agro-processed products, such as chicken, cheese, butter, eggs, biscuits, bread, juice, etc. Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture Introduction Inability to produce adequate food is the major problem of most less developed countries (LDCS). These areas are used by pastoralists who move back and forth in the area following the availability of pasture for their animals. More details on the latest grain and oilseeds situation in Ethiopia can be found in our Grain & Feed and our Oilseeds Reports. The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. Ethiopia - End-line Survey for the Impact Evaluation of the UN Joint The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . Additionally, camels provide pastoralists in those areas with milk and meat. The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. The GOE, as part of its Livestock Master Plan (LMP), intends to transform this sector and increase production and exports of meat in order to generate foreign exchange. According to a 1987 estimate, beef accounted for about 51% of all meat consumption, followed by mutton and lamb (19%), poultry (15%), and goat (14%). In the future, the government intends to work with the private sector to develop capacity to process some of these commodities, like fruits and vegetables, in order to add value and capture higher export prices. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. The powers and duties of the MoA include: conservation and use of forest and wildlife resources, food security, water use and small-scale irrigation, monitoring events affecting agricultural development and early warning system . Farming In Ethiopia, Agriculture Crops, Livestock Therefore, investment in commercial farming requires considerable due diligence. [18], Another new source for export revenue is the production of chat, an amphetamine-like stimulant which is consumed both inside Ethiopia and in adjacent countries, and which is considered a drug of abuse that can lead to mild to moderate psychological dependence. About 70 percent of the cattle in 1987 were in the highlands (commonly involved in transhumance),[26] and the remaining 30 percent were kept by nomadic pastoralists in the lowland areas. The economic plan prescribes the following comprehensive measures to overcome the challenges facing the agricultural sector: Enhance productivity of small-holder farmers and pastoralists through provision of modern inputs and services; Develop a legal framework that will allow farmers to lease land and to become shareholders in large commercial farms; Modernize livestock production through improving veterinary infrastructure, research and innovation, and establishing linkages with other industries; Establish effective linkages between agriculture producers and commodity markets as well as the commercial value chain; Encourage private sector investment in agricultural R&D and exploring PPPs to expand medium and large-scale irrigation infrastructure; and. There are also expanding opportunities for grocery sales to retail and wholesale outlets that are starting to spring up all over Addis Ababa. [7], Government attempts to implement land reform also created problems related to land fragmentation, insecurity of tenure, and shortages of farm inputs and tools. Despite the emphasis on state farms, state farm production accounted for only 6% of total agricultural output in 1987 (although meeting 65% of urban needs), leaving peasant farmers responsible for over 90% of production. It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. Agriculture accounts for most of (30- 42%) of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. In EFY 197475, pulses and oilseeds accounted for 34% of export earnings (about 163 million Birr), but this share declined to about 3% (about 30 million Birr) in EFY 198889. Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia, but the origin of local cultivars grown throughout the country is unknown. Grain production is one of the most important sub-sectors in the countrys agriculture-based economy. Ethiopia's agricultural sector has developed favourably over the past decade, but rapid population growth, limited access to fertile land, and volatile agricultural outcomes pose problems for the . In order to reduce the severity of this problem, several agricultural development strategies have been implemented since the 1960's. Trade. The anticipated growth in these subsectors could open niche opportunities for sales of U.S. grain and oilseed commodities in the future, as well as processing and storage equipment, such as feed mills and soybean extruders. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture - ECHEMI Facing a Foreign Trade AD/CVD or Safeguard Investigation? Mengistu and his advisers believed that state farms would produce grain for urban areas, raw materials for domestic industry, and also increase production of cash crops such as coffee to generate badly needed foreign exchange. To show other various factors (political, policy, cultural, religious, affected crop production and productivity in Ethiopia. Research on the constraints, characteristics, and performance of the enterprise sector in low-income countries is often constrained by scarcity . They are sticky when wet, hard when dry, and difficult to work. Agriculture in Ethiopia | Infomineo 2. [7], Soil erosion has been one of the country's major problems. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation (ETBC). The Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey (ESS) is a collaborative project between the Central Statistics Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) and the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study- Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) team. Potential opportunities exist for sales of U.S. livestock genetics and chicken meat. Overview. For northwest and central Ethiopia, fertilizer usage determinants are estimated simultaneously with technology-specific production functions. Agron., 16: 180-195. . . Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Data and Statistics - Knoema Examining the characteristics of stakeholders in Lake Tana Sub-basin resource use, management and Governance -- 21. The combined pressure of crop and livestock production and the ever-increasing human f AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA 285 population on the land in this farming system is high. In fact, the soybean crushing and soybean oil refining industry is quickly emerging. Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. The first, found in areas with relatively good drainage, consists of red-to-reddish-brown clayey loams that hold moisture and are well endowed with needed minerals, with the exception of phosphorus. Among the popular games on the grasslands, football (introduced via schools) tends to replace the traditional qarsa game. [25], Both the imperial and the Marxist governments tried to improve livestock production by instituting programs such as free vaccination, well-digging, construction of feeder roads, and improvement of pastureland, largely through international organizations such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank. Grain yields are relatively low due to the countrys rugged topography, poor land management, small-scale landholdings, irregular rainfall, limited mechanization, and insufficient supplies of fertilizer and improved seed. At the same time, to accelerate the countrys agricultural development, the government established the Agricultural Transformation Institute (ATI) to address systemic bottlenecks in the agriculture sector by supporting and enhancing the capability of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and other public, private, and non-governmental implementing partners. Nevertheless, Ethiopia's manufacturing sector is still far from being the engine of growth and structural change. Milk and dairy processing, and supporting equipment and systems. Factors affecting crop prodution in Ethiopia - Academia.edu [15], About 98 percent of the coffee was produced by peasants on smallholdings of less than a hectare, and the remaining 2 percent was produced by state farms. Export sales of U.S. cotton are expected as demand increases. Specific Characteristics of Agriculture and the Need to Treat - IATP After 1975 the revolutionary government used peasant associations to accelerate conservation work throughout rural areas. [9], The population in the lowland peripheries (below 1,500 meters) is nomadic, engaged mainly in livestock raising. Although the MPPs improved the agricultural productivity of farmers, particularly in the project areas, there were many problems associated with discrimination against small farmers (because of a restrictive credit system that favored big landowners) and tenant eviction. For this reason, some environmental experts maintain that large-scale conservation work in Ethiopia has been ineffective. Forestland, most of it in the southwestern part of the country, accounted for 4 percent of the total land area, according to the government. APDF readeris available from Adobe Systems Incorporated. The GOE encourages investments in meat processing, especially those that are focused on exporting value-added products abroad. As a result, vegetable oils are widely used, and oilseed cultivation is an important agricultural activity. [7], The plains and low foothills west of the highlands have sandy and gray-to-black clay soils. Agricultural products account for . Physiographic characteristics of agricultural lands and farmers' soil External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. During the 1970s, coffee exports accounted for 50-60% of the total value of all exports, although coffee's share dropped to 25% as a result of the economic dislocation following the 1974 revolution. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. These soils are found in both the northern and the southern highlands in areas with poor drainage. At the moment, there are a few U.S. and foreign firms that have partnered with local companies in the milk business, which has considerable room for growth, as milk consumption is still very low. Increased production as well as imports are required to close this gap. During the rainy seasons, water and grass are generally plentiful, but with the onset of the dry season, forage is generally insufficient to keep animals nourished and able to resist disease. With about 117 million people (2021), Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa after Nigeria, and still the fastest growing economy in the region, with 6.3% growth in FY2020/21. ", Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research website, "National Growth and Transformation Plan", "Ethiopia's transforming wheat landscape: tracking variety use through DNA fingerprinting", "Press release: Rust-resistant bread wheat varieties widely adopted in Ethiopia, study shows CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT", "Livestock Sample Survey (AgLVS 2006), version 1.0", USGC Reps Meet With Ethiopian Feed Industry to Assess Market Barriers, "Ethiopia, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor", "Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1140777650, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 19:04. There is a functional relationship between the use of ove. [7], Ensete, known locally as false banana, is an important food source in Ethiopia's southern and southwestern highlands. Ethiopia: Economy - globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge Ethiopia's major industries include agriculture, construction, manufacturing, resources and . In the 20062007 EFY hides, skins and leather products made up 7.5% of the total export value; live animals accounted for 3.1% of the total value of exports during the same period. The Awash River basin supports many large-scale commercial farms and several irrigated small farms. Oilseeds of lesser significance include castor beans, rapeseed, peanuts, and safflower and sunflower seeds. Sandy desert soils cover much of the arid lowlands in the northeast and in the Ogaden of southeastern Ethiopia. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the country as the following facts indicate. [23], Ethiopia has great potential for increased livestock production, both for local use and for export. For instance, according to the World Bank between 1980 and 1987 agricultural production dropped at an annual rate of 2.1 percent, while the population grew at an annual rate of 2.4 percent. Approximately 25% of Ethiopia's population depended directly or indirectly on coffee for its livelihood. Griddles, Ovens, and Agricultural Origins: An Ethnoarchaeological Study Land use function 2 2.2. "Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers." To meet its agro-processing objectives, the GOE is building Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in four pilot areas: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regional states. [7], Agricultural productivity under the Derg continued to decline. As a result, a number of Indian entrepreneurs are relocating to Ethiopia to develop its thriving flower industry which has led to gains in market share at the expense of neighboring countries. Commercial Imports from the United States, Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, (Total market size = (total local production + imports) - exports). Between 1976 and 1985, the government constructed 600,000 kilometers of agricultural embankments on cultivated land and 470,000 kilometers of hillside terraces, and it closed 80,000 hectares of steep slopes for regeneration. Ethiopia: Urban Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation - allAfrica.com A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming . fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane are cultivated by farmers and other agricultural sectors in Ethiopia. According to Infomineo (2016), the key agricultural sectors in Ethiopia are the following: Coffee & tea; Ethiopia has a great potential for coffee production, thanks to the country's abundant rainfall, optimum temperatures, conducive altitude, and fertile soil. In chtse area intensive farming is carried on in limited. Three factors contributed to the decline in the relative importance of pulses and oilseeds. In addition, increased peasant consumption caused shortages of food items such as teff, wheat, corn, and other grains in urban areas. Food as a most essential good 3 2.5. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. The two dominant agricultural systems in Ethiopia are the mixed agriculture of the highlands, where both crops and livestock production are integrated, and pastoralism in the lowlands. Contribution of Agriculture in The Ethiopian Economy: a Time-varying Under the Homegrown Economic Reform Program,the GOE intends to make the textile and apparel industry one of the economic engines that will propel future growth. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. Note: Top 3 trade partners are calculated by imports + exports. Growing demand for water supply and drainage systems, pumps, and drilling equipment is expected. An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread-baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. Ethiopia - Socioeconomic Survey 2013-2014 - World Bank The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture Major Rivers of Ethiopia | Ethiopia About Ethiopia - EthioVisit.com Individual poultry farms supply eggs and meat to urban dwellers. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88 . The 1977 famine also provided an impetus to promote conservation. Accordingly, state farms received a large share of the country's resources for agriculture; from 1982 to 1990, this totaled about 43% of the government's agricultural investment. The Ethiopian Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Enterprise, which handled about 75 percent of Ethiopia's exports of fruits and vegetables in 198485, had to receive government subsidies because of losses. Ethiopia is home to one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. These activities have contributed to higher yields and increased production of both crops and livestock. ", Table D.1.1, "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Statistical Appendix", p. 26. Land tenure rights as well as natural disasters, such as floods, hamper the countrys ability to quickly expand cotton production. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. Many of the existing and anticipated increases in livestock production, as envisioned under the LMP, are linked to the consistent availability of quality livestock feed, animal genetics, and veterinary services. [7], Ethiopia's demand for grain continued to increase because of population pressures, while supply remained short, largely because of drought and government agricultural policies, such as price controls, which adversely affected crop production. 2. Taro, yams, and sweet potatoes are commonly grown in the same region as the ensete. To promote commercial-scale farming, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) created the Ethiopian Agricultural Land and Investment Administration Agency dedicated to overseeing any new large-scale commercial farm deals. Peasant associations used 361 nurseries to plant 11,000 hectares of land in community forest. However, the expected level was not achieved. Advanced Search Citation Search . In 20062007 (the latest year available), exports of chat accounted for 25% of export earnings (or 8oo million Birr). Soil fertility status and wheat nutrient content in Vertisol cropping An estimated 85 percent of the . The Mengistu regime encouraged fruit and vegetable production. During this period, markets were major actors of economic activity and various positive measures, which encouraged . Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment. Section D. As a result, agriculture continued to grow, albeit below the population growth rate. Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), Textile Industry Development Institute (ETIDI), Ethiopian Cotton Producer, Ginners, and Exporters Association (ECPGEA). Put in perspective, Ethiopia's key agricultural sector has grown at an annual . Private . Farming In Ethiopia, Agriculture Crops, Livestock Land ownership is also a complicating factor. More background information on the cotton situation in Ethiopia can be found in our cotton report from 2019/20. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. "Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020", "Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy", "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues Series", "National Statistical Abstract. Agro-processing equipment (e.g. With the GOE looking to partially liberalize the wheat import market, local millers are beginning to explore opportunities to import wheat directly. <i>Results . Cookies on OCLC websites. Second, because peasants faced food shortages, they gave priority to cereal staples to sustain themselves. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. The LMP also calls for increases in dairy, broiler and egg production to satisfy increasing consumer demand for affordable animal proteins. Abstract and Figures. Agriculture >. The sector is dominated by small scale farmers that - Course Hero This method was widely used in Ethiopia and southern Ethiopia because it is recommended for soils requiring more than one ton of lime per acre and soils with a pH of less than 5.8 [15]. Agriculture in the Lake Tana Sub-Basin of Ethiopia -- 24. Phenotypic Characterization and Reproductive Performance of Blackhead According to government statistics, there are approximately 50 million cattle, 50 million goats and sheep, plus an assortment of horses, donkeys, camels and chickens. Since the revolution, most commercial cotton has been grown on irrigated state farms, mostly in the Awash Valley area. fINTENSIVE FARMING. Climate change and specialty coffee potential in Ethiopia During the same period (197387), population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent (2.4 percent for 198087). Potential niche market for wheat and soybean exports. The Ethiopian Government set up the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) to reach certain goals between 2011 and 2015. It then continues in summarising the main specific characteristics of agriculture: The land use function, the supply and demand characteristics, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the provision of positive externalities and public goods, food as a unique and most essential good and agriculture as a key element for the development of . Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. 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