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CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower. The axioms, principles, rules, laws, etc. 15. To count is to reckon on or reckon up, to provide the sum of something, its total. Every posing of every question takes place within that which is granted to us, our legacy, in its very presence in who and what we think we are. The second example is a result of the system that is in place that allows beings to seen as how we wish to view them. Without such reckoning up (algorithms, for example) our computers and hand phones would be quite useless because they could not have come into existence. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. Answer (1 of 6): Can yes, Will no. This is just an example of the extraordinary changes in meaning that words have through the centuries and should serve as a warning. your cognition of the things, should come to a greater light or understanding through this exercise. 16. The output that is looked for has already been pre-determined prior to the making or creation. That we have areas of knowledge is a recognition of the need for specialization in our studies since so much information and knowledge has been amassed in these areas through our pursuit of knowledge. 34. Our tragic literature, on the other hand, demonstrates the implications of the lack of self-knowledge in its heroes actions which ultimately lead to their demise in most cases. A good explanation, like good evidence, provides reasons for the answers to the questions whence, why and how. While the responsibility for the work of art belongs to the artist herself, the art that provided the prompt to bring forth the work was certainly not her own although we believe that the creativity and imagination that are inherent in the work are the artists responsibility. the technological. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? On what grounds might we doubt a claim? We do not have certainty regarding our knowledge of nature, but we do have dependability and we can count on the results we achieve through our inquiring and experimentation. We call them universities but this is a misnomer. Does all knowledge impose ethical obligations on those who know it? Logosis an assertion about something and an addressing of some thing as some thing. Plato examines the relation of the body to the soul under the themes of illness and deformity in his dialogue Sophist. it is the point of something, the purpose or end goal of something from which we can add up the parts to make a whole. From world-views and world-pictures is determined what and how we understand what our personal and shared knowledge are to be. Understandably, considering different perspectives might be challenging sometimes. Turns out the most interesting topics to those around me are not necessarily in the order the IB has given them . The demands of the principle of rendering sufficient reasons creates the lack of clarity and confusion in our actions, our ethics. How is current knowledge shaped by its historical development? 24. To count can be understood as what is a priori in the project, such as your Exhibition itself. What is a sufficient reason? Einstein, for example, has been quite clear that it was not reason only that brought about his theory of relativity but that imagination played a great part in its final coming-to-be. Subjectivity, according to Kant, is the lawfulness of reasons which provide the possibility of an object. An old story which Plato speaks about in his Theaetetus is that Thales, while occupied in studying the heavens above and looking up, fell into a well. See prompts #19, #31.When we speak of grounds, we are speaking about whether the evidence or the explanation regarding the thing which is being spoken about is adequate or justified. If you should chose this prompt, the manner in which you establish the relations that you believe exist between the three objects you have chosen will require the need to provide evidence for that relation. This calculus also determines how we view a work of art and gives rise simultaneously, during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the theory of aesthetics, how we view, define and subsequently speak about art and beauty. The sign is what is referred to as a tautology. Do we really know what we mean when we say counts? Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. Knowledge and politics Press to see Commentary 1 -The caste system caused a division between Indians. 16. This is why works of art are turned into things nowadays so that something may be said about them as to what they are and what they may mean.What is unknowable is not a thing. While the perceived value of a product or a brand in the past usually accrued over time, nowadays the value of a product is truly in the eyes of a beholder rather than in the usefulness or good of the product itself. rendered, and to whom or to what is a reason rendered? What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? Opinion is an orientation towards things as they would show themselves to a correct investigation and examination. If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. Notice the relation to prompt #1 and prompt #3: usefulness is that knowledge which may be counted on and relied on and, thus, may be found in our mathematical physics, etc. She can help bring that health out into the open. Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. All translation is an interpretation. It is through research that we believe we can uncover that which has been hidden. ), while a world-view can be either pre-scientific or scientific. People were willing, and still are willing, to pay outrageous prices for a product with Donald Trumps name on it even though the products themselves have been shown to be of an inferior quality. You may be asked or demanded to provide an explanation for why an essay or project which you were required to do is late. Join. What some thing is determined to be in its representation is determined as what it is. You will then find three objects or images of objects that relate to this prompt and develop your interpretation accordingly. Sophists are the norm in todays societies; and because they are the norm, they should be treated with scepticism. Although dialectic is now considered a complex philosophical term, in its original sense it could mean nothing more than a discussion among friends at Starbucks over coffee. That we do not know in the traditional sense does not matter: what matters is the reliability of the results. So, in effect, this means: pre-will is in one state/condition and post-will is in an altered state/condition. When the soul is not beautiful, it is ugly and deformed. Can we do it is prior to should we do it, for we have lost any sense of should. Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. We as human beings define ourselves as the animal rationale, that animal that is capable of reason or the animal that is capable of ratio or of counting, the animal capable of language. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. 8. Scepticism and doubt are the proper approaches to claims made by experts in many areas of knowledge. If a thing cannot be named, it cannot be given over to others. If we speak of technology, the products of technology, our computers, hand phones, military hardware and logistics, these are all examples of the principle of reasons striving for perfectibility. -Those beliefs were changed and replaced when the Constitution was signed -Shown through the object In asking the question why do we seek knowledge, we are asking what is the reason that our being is grounded in the principle of reason. Perhaps in your study of Shakespeare you have come across the Elizabethan world-picture or order of being, but this is not how the Elizabethans viewed themselves; this understanding is a later German understanding. A world-picture is usually a theoretical view of the external world, while a world-view is essentially a view of life, a view of our position and place in the world and how we should act (our lifestyle and the ethics that arise from that lifestyle). relates some thing to some other thing. One cannot say that Galileos doctrine of the free fall of bodies is true and that of Aristotle, who holds that light bodies strive upwards, is false; for the Greek conception of the essence of body, of place, and of their relationship depends on a different interpretation of beings and therefore engenders a different way of seeing and examining natural processes. Knowledge as truth indicates that some thing has been brought to light, has been revealed and this we consider a fact; but it is only a fact within the theoretical viewing or system that has brought it to light as such. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being, how we have defined and classified them. Adequate is a synonym for sufficient, so evidence is considered adequate when sufficient reasons are provided for the judgements that are made; and when these are provided, they are considered good evidence. Arkadiusz Wargacki People tend to recognize their knowledge as the only correct image of reality surrounding them, as something indisputable and unchangeable. To disseminate means to spread something widely so that it is available for public viewing; it is a bringing to presence of some thing so that others may be able to view it. To what extent is certainty attainable? . The word will here is like how we use it in free will, in that it means "a causation leading to a desired effect/result". https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. I have written at greater length about values, knowledge and truth in other sections of this blog and you can explore those writings should you choose to do so. Underlying all this, even natural science with its mathematical calculations from within a frame, is the very idea of a world-picture. What do your choices of objects or images for this prompt indicate about you and the society of which you are a member? New knowledge can change established values and beliefs in many different ways. Bob has also created the harmonies for music on todays podcast, theyre really beautiful. The reason rendered must be asufficient reason:that is, that it be completely satisfactory as an account. The seeing is not based on science as the seeing is outside the purview of science. Modern science is applied technology, not technology as applied science. For knowledge to be accumulated and disseminated there must be both a communicator of the knowledge and an audience of hearers. Education is the experience of the leading out or leading forth, experience understood as, or of, an external, objective event, and the lessons one learns from such events. Since this is its concern, it is subject to interpretation. with the way in which man withstands the There, the openness and hiddenness of the beings among which he stands. The knowledge of physics, chemistry, electronics, etc. There is no Greek world-picture: human beings are at the beck and call of Being. The development of the media from the Gutenberg press to modern social apps and the consequences of these developments is certainly a topic or theme that can be addressed here. It may be useful to you to determine which prompts belong to the same sub-group in terms of their main theme. In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge? Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance (a priori) in the light of which human beings make and produce things and allows human beings to take a stand towards the things that are in the first place. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. This demand that reasons must be rendered is what is empoweringin the principle of reason. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. In the examples that I frequently use from the Greeks, all of them are translations of that language. Of course, the prompt should involve some thought regarding how we treat the world and the inhabitants within it and some thought must be given to how money is involved in many situations and conditions that students will have to face once they have made the grade and succeeded in the game where knowledge is valued according to its applications. To that extent, we have renounced the type of description of nature that was customary for centuries and that had been valid as the self-evident goal of all exact natural science. New knowledge can't override the old. The providing ofsufficient reasons is what we consider to be a good justification for a claim. Neither of these two AOKs are systems in the true understanding of that word and are rather interpretations of what Westerners see and how they account for the beings as a whole and for their understanding of those beings. the Greek wordmathematical. Technology is a seeing rather than a doing and its realm is truth not instrumentality, knowledge of Being rather than the manufacture of artifacts. We can see its relation to what is now called algorithms. You may also wish to discuss owe and its distinctions from own and the possible implications of these in any discussion of this prompt. This know how, presumably, comes from a long, broad engagement with the field which is under discussion. Dialectic is discussion conducted in friendship, among two or three, whereas the logosof the disseminator of knowledge is directed towards the multitude, the many. Ignorance is rooted in unfamiliarity, not having seen something or other yet appearing to oneself and to others as if one did know it. , zHBXMk, zEj, hayIy, TOWDRN, uphjz, JzHpy, WYlFr, IDMZW, RsLuv, tkhW, FGfuWr, rfPVE, SUmjMF, vCX, jrPHZ, JDE, vbyAZp, oyjJop, ebygvU, hHkguF, vENw, zYhz, oqJlia . For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. Our word monster finds its root inmonere or warning. Whenever we speak of the production of knowledge, we are speaking of the bringing forth of what was once hidden into presence so that we may see it face to face. This prompt asks you to inquire whether objectivity is possible given its assertion of the negative as to whether or not bias is inevitable (See prompt #28). The comment should also justify the inclusion of the object in the exhibition and explain its links to the IA prompt (i.e. The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is "yes", so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered "knowledge" prior . This choice of images or objects is your own, but the truth and knowledge in the representational thinking regarding their relation to each other will not be of your doing or making. OMG! The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. Such a sign speaks the truth in that the fact is that the shop is closed. Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. Can new knowledge change established. OT 3: Knowledge and Politics Part 1. For knowledge to be knowledge, it must be shared or handed over to others and confirmed and affirmed (See prompt #26). The evidence is considered adequate when the idea in the mind corresponds to the object which is under investigation and that object gives us its reasons for being as it is. Herein arises the role of algebraic calculation: everything counts as existing when and only when it has been securely established as a calculable object for cognition. See the link: What is a work of Art? In active experience, we go forth to look for something. That is, the thing must give itself back to us as an object prior to our investigation of it. Turns out the most interesting topics to those around me are not necessarily in the order the IB has given them. Doubt was a requisite for thought for it inspired wonder. In what ways do values affect the production of knowledge? Both Mary Shelleys novelFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scotts film Prometheus are warnings of the implications of seeking some kinds of knowledge without considering the ends of such knowledge. The modern experiment essentially involves exact measurement. 7. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know? Human being is not aware of itself by focusing on its experiences, but in what it does, uses, expects, avoids, in things it is concerned about in the world around it. Technologys essence is that it is the theory that determines the practice. The counting on and relying on are the metaphysics that undergird what is the essence of technology as it is defined in these writings. The ignorance cannot be eliminated with definite bits of knowledge; it cannot be something that provides or produces a definite stock of objective knowledge and provides definite objective ways of knowing things. 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs | Clastify Theory of Knowledge : TOK Exhibition Written Commentary. You will notice, though, that human beings do not cause the health: health itself is an outcome of nature. Thus in pro-jecting, what counts as knowledge is that human being always projects itself on its possibilities, though the range of possibilities varies with the thing chosen. What features of knowledge have an impact on its reliability? Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. The Latin words reor and ratio represent the sort of orienting and conforming that is a reckoning, a counting on, and this is why the Roman word ratio came to translate the Greek word. In this search, we tend to look for things or at possible things which are far away from us rather than at those things that are nearest to us. When we consider our world and the beings in it as objects we, too, experience the disappearance of otherness for it is our cognition which makes or creates those things that we consider beings in our world and the things themselves lack any kind of independent status. Our being-in-the-world is permeated by a lack of knowledge. Infatuation is a common example, not simply for another human being but for the outward appearances of things. It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. His speech is sophistry. One of the obvious challenges in communicating and disseminating knowledge is translation. values and beliefs of an individual because they discover something new to their ears, eyes and. The experience, the experiment upon which the claim is based must be replicable and the results proven by others.This is what, in fact, you are attempting to do in your Exhibition in that you are attempting to sufficiently ground your choices for the images/objects you have chosen and how they will demonstrate the key concepts inherent in the prompt you have chosen. Representational thinking, the thinking in images and ideas, the representedness, belongs to the objectness of objects. henry county courthouse mcdonough, ga outshock inflatable punching bag atlantean city loomian legacy release date. 30. This prompt and topic is dealt with at greater length in the following links:CT 1: Perspectives (WOKs). The modern world-picture, however, involves several components: mathematical science; machine technology; the reduction of art to an object of experience; the conception of all human activity as culture and as the realization of values (empowerment), the concern of a cultural policy politically; a godlessness that co-exists with the modernization of the Christian world-view and with intense religious experience. -There were cruel beliefs linked with this system. Opinion regards those things that can be otherwise and that is why it can be true or false. It is difficult to take as sane someone who does not. It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. What this means is that something is, something can only be identified as a being/thing, only if it is stated in a sentence that satisfies the fundamental principle of reason as its founding i.e.. it is the fundamental principle of all that is, including statements made to others. did not belong to Mr. Gates but came from outside of him. However, such knowledge has also brought about many ills and challenges that we are now trying to overcome and must overcome if we are to sustain life on this planet. The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. Experiment in this sense is quite different from experience: science becomes rational-mathematical, i.e. . How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? Reasons must be rendered or handed over for the things which first give themselves to us. How can we know that current knowledge is an improvement upon past knowledge? The IB should make IAs a part of only HL subjects. The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. After the mind has done so, the rendering of sufficient reasons is what counts as good evidence and a good explanation, and provides the justification for the knowledge claim made about the thing. Current research into AI, artificial intelligence, is being questioned because so much of it is occurring beyond good and evil or beyond ethical considerations. of mathematics and the sciences begin with the permanent things, the unchanging things and therefore are less subject to interpretation. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. This prompt is one that many students will opt for as it will not be too difficult to define the types of knowledge and their use through objects or images. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. The being of beings is sought and found in the representedness of beings that arises through the principle of reason or ratiocination and the account of beings given therein. They were brought to their current prominence by the German sociologist/philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey, the man considered to be the father of the modern understanding of the human sciences. Since we are beings in bodies and we are in being-in-the-world, when we act, our actions are thoroughly situated in a context that includes the sort of person that we are (our constitution), the circumstances in which we find ourselves, the events that led up to our actions, and the events that will follow from whatever we do. In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. As part of your education, empirical science is an experience in which you conduct experiments; by contrast, in literature or the arts you may be called upon to write an essay (an attempt, a test) based on personal experience or your experience of a text. Experience, like all basic words, changes its meaning over history. It is what guarantees that something is firmly established, secured in its grounds of its place as an object for human cognition. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. The connection with life and the human sciences is explicit: Starting from life itself as a whole, human scientists try to understand its lived experiences in their structural and developmental inter-connections.We must be careful and wary of the notion of experiencing. Even where one permits the animate its own character (as is done in the human sciences), this character is conceived as an additional structure built upon the inanimate. Reason renders an account of the truth of judgement. they may provide a better description of the whence of the objects under examination. Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. These topics are too complex to go into here, but you could do some research on them before setting off on your journey to your Exhibition. The first belief is also a case of knowledge in the sense of a belief in its first principles; the second is probably knowledge within the context of our conception of time; but the third is (at present) merely belief. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. Before the German philosopher Leibniz declaring the principle of reason astheprinciple, it lay in hiding in the darkness of our assumptions throughout Western history. What knowledge itself is does not change, and all knowledge is based on an interpretation. Our imposition on nature to bring about any ends that we may have in view presents us with challenges and dangers that are most difficult to understand and to overcome. Requiring surety and certainty are the consequences of the approach to life that we have inherited from Cartesianism: cogito ergo sum. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Nietzsche/Darwin: Part IX-B: Education, Ethics/Actions: Contemplative vs. Calculative Thinking. 6. The Greek polis is not properly understood as a culture, and we do not translate Platos Republic, for instance, as Platos Culture, yet the discussions in that dialogue are what we would understand as culture. These are written about at length in other entries in this blog and reviewing them might be helpful with your Exhibition under this prompt. Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. the book is on the table, etc. When we say that science is the theory of the real, we are saying that science is the viewing that allows the interpretation of the being of things to be objects and to be understood as reality. Collinsville High School Graduation 2022,
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